The holiday season is a time for joy and celebration. But with sugary treats, festive drinks, and indulgent meals, it’s easy to neglect your dental hygiene. However, by following a few simple tips, you can enjoy the festivities without compromising your oral health. Check our tips below — and if you have any questions at all, Dr. Young quist and his team are here to help you with all your oral care needs. Cosmetic, pediatric, emergency care — we are here for all of it. 

The summer holidays are the ideal time to rest and leave most of our obligations to one side. However, what we should not forget about is our general health. our general health and the dental care that our mouth needs to avoid common problems.

The change of timetable, of routines, meals away from home, the consumption of certain foods and drinks that we do not usually take on a daily basis, are some of the practices that are most often repeated during these periods of rest. during these rest periods.

Don’t get distracted during these days. Taking care of your oral health is also possible during the summer while you enjoy your well-deserved holidays, by simply dedicating a few minutes a day and putting into practice certain tips.

How to maintain dental health on holiday

The arrival of the summer break does not necessarily mean a change in oral care habits. However, it is not uncommon for many people to people neglect their dental hygiene to a greater or lesser extent on holiday, increasing the risk of gum inflammation or caries formation. This increases the risk of inflammation of the gums or the formation of caries.

Brushing and caring for your teeth on a daily basis is a habit that should not be abandoned. While it is not necessary to deprive yourself of those little summer treats such as eating out or having an ice cream, there is no need to take a break from dental care on holiday.

What is the first rule that dentists insist on to ensure dental health in summer? Dedicate time to cleaning your teeth every day, without fail..

Let’s take a look at the tips that will help you and your family make it easier to keep your mouth healthy and come back from the holidays without any problems with your teeth or gums.

Holiday dental care tips

In the same way that during the summer it is recommended to pay special attention to the health of our skin due to the increased exposure to the sun’s rays due to the greater exposure to the sun’s rays, or a correct functioning of the digestive system due to the change in diet, oral health is more exposed to certain problems.

Follow these simple tips for proper dental care this summer:

Oral hygiene travel kit

During your holidays, always carry with you a complete dental cleaning kit. Consisting of a travel toothbrush, toothpaste, Mouthwash and dental floss or interdental brushes, you will have no excuse for brushing your teeth after eating out.

Maintaining the toothbrushing routine

Continue your dental care routine during the holidays without missing a step. Just take a few minutes to just by dedicating a few minutes to oral cavity hygiene after every meal you can prevent multiple dental and gingival problems.

Caring for your toothbrush

Pay attention to the care of your toothbrush. If you are going to carry it in your bag or in a toilet bag, make sure it is well protected so that it is not damaged or contaminated. well protected so that it does not get damaged or contaminated. Keep it away from other family members’ toothbrushes to avoid cross-contamination. And don’t forget to change it for a new one every 2 or 3 months, or if you notice it has deteriorated.

Chewing sugar-free gum

If you don’t have the chance to brush your teeth after eating, sugar-free gum is a good alternative to chewing gum to protect your oral health. Chewing gum generates a greater flow of saliva in the mouth, making it easier for food debris to come off helping food debris come off more easily and helping to reduce the amount of biofilm in your mouth. and helping to reduce the amount of biofilm that forms on the surface of the teeth and gums.

Maintaining good hydration

Drinking plenty of water is another alternative to maintaining oral hygiene and balancing the pH of the mouth when you eat out and don’t have the option of brushing your teeth. Drinking water prevents mouth infections and at the same time keeps you hydrated in this hotter season. 

Limit sugary drinks

Avoid as much as possible sugary drinks or foods rich in sugar as much as possible. It is normal that in summer we feel more like drinking juices, soft drinks, ice-creams and sweets, but if the key is to limit the frequency, and above all, to brush your teeth afterwards to remove any sugar residue.

Limit consumption of cold food and beverages.

Cold food and drinks are also more appetizing during the summer holidays. However, they can increase tooth sensitivity, they can increase tooth sensitivity causing multiple discomforts to teeth and gums. If you suffer from hypersensitivity, try not to drink drinks that are too hot or too cold.

Avoid alcohol and tobacco consumption

Moderate or avoid tobacco and alcohol consumption for dental care during the holidays. In addition to being unhealthy in general, both alcohol and tobacco favor the appearance of halitosis and affect the body’s natural defenses, making it more vulnerable to any type of infection making it more vulnerable to any kind of infection.

Visiting the dentist after the holidays

Take the opportunity to make an appointment with your dentist just after the summer period. This is the perfect time to make an appointment for a check-up and even an annual mouth cleaning.

Find other tips to enjoy good oral health at any time of the year at any time of the year on the KIN blog.

If you have any doubts, ask your dentist what you can do to boost your dental care during the holidays and keep your smile healthier and more beautiful all season long.

Keep your smile bright and healthy, even during the busiest time of year. Visit us for a professional cleaning and a brighter, healthier smile. Schedule your appointment today at 801-756-1009 and start your 2025 oral care routine off strong. For more tips on general dentistry, follow us on Instagram.

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Reference: [https://www.kin.es/en/cuidado-dental-vacaciones/]

Probiotics, beneficial bacteria found in the human body, have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential health benefits. Research suggests that probiotics may play a role in maintaining oral health by balancing the microbiome of the mouth. This blog will explore the relationship between probiotics and gum disease, discussing the potential benefits of incorporating probiotics into your oral care routine. And if you have questions, we are here!

More than 700 species of microbes live in your mouth and they include bacteria, fungus, and more. Some are helpful, and some harmful. Don’t run for your toothbrush or mouthwash just yet. As long as they’re in balance, the “good” kind can keep the “bad” ones from hurting you.

But if that balance gets out of whack, the harmful ones can take hold and lead to gum disease.

You might have heard how good bacteria in certain foods and supplements (called probiotics) may help with this kind of imbalance in your gut. Well, scientists are finding that they may help fight gum disease in much the same way.

That might give you and your dentist another tool to use to treat or prevent gum issues along with the standard ones.

How Does the Imbalance Happen?

Researchers are still trying to sort out what lets the harmful bacteria go to work in your mouth. The triggers can include:

• Not taking care of your teeth and gums. This lets the bad bacteria multiply and shifts the balance.
• A weak immune system. This can affect the way the bacteria in your mouth relate to one another and give the harmful kind an advantage.
• Your body’s genetic blueprint. Some people may not have enough of the helpful bacteria, or they may be more likely to have the bad kind.
• Dry mouth. Your saliva has substances that help fight harmful bacteria. But some medicines, like painkillers and decongestants, can affect how much you have.

How Does That Lead to Gum Disease?

An imbalance of bacteria can affect your body’s defenses and keep your white blood cells from killing harmful bacteria. Those bacteria can inflame your gums. That inflammation, in turn, gives off chemicals that feed bad bacteria, which multiply. More bacteria inflame your gums and start to eat away at the bone that anchors your teeth.

If this goes on long enough, your gums and the bone that supports your teeth can be ruined. You might end up losing teeth.

It also can set you up for tooth decay and bad breath. Researchers think it also may help cause oral cancer.

And if you have too many harmful bacteria in your mouth, they can move to other parts of your body and may be linked to:

• Diabetes
• Heart disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Probiotics and Gum Disease

A group of helpful bacteria called lactobacilli can fight several kinds of bad bacteria and may help restore a healthy balance in your mouth.

Researchers put some of this bacteria into chewing gum and asked people with the gum disease gingivitis to use it every day. (With gingivitis, your gums are red and swollen and bleed easily.) After 2 weeks, the teeth of the people in the study had less plaque — the clear, sticky film that can cause cavities or gum disease. Another study found that lozenges with the same kind of bacteria also helped with inflammation and plaque.If you have gum disease or are worried about it, talk with your dentist about whether a probiotic like this might be good for you. But remember that the most important things you can do to guard against gum disease are to brush and floss your teeth.

Prevent gum disease and maintain a healthy smile. Our experienced dentists can provide comprehensive care to address your oral health needs. Schedule your dentist appointment today at 801-756-1009. For more tips on general dentistry, follow us on Instagram.

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Reference:[https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/probiotics-gum-disease?mmtrack=16485-26898-20-1-5-0-1]

Missing teeth can significantly impact your quality of life, affecting your appearance and oral function. Dental implants offer a durable and natural-looking solution to restore your smile and improve your overall well-being. Learn about the dental implant process, from initial consultation to final results. At Palisades Dental, our experts specialize in guiding you through the dental implant process, ensuring personalized care from your initial consultation to the final, transformative results.

Dental implant surgery is a procedure that replaces tooth roots with metal, screwlike posts and replaces damaged or missing teeth with artificial teeth that look and function much like real ones. Dental implant surgery can offer a welcome alternative to dentures or bridgework that doesn’t fit well and can offer an option when a lack of natural teeth roots don’t allow building denture or bridgework tooth replacements.

How dental implant surgery is performed depends on the type of implant and the condition of your jawbone. Dental implant surgery may involve several procedures. The major benefit of implants is solid support for your new teeth — a process that requires the bone to heal tightly around the implant. Because this bone healing requires time, the process can take many months.

Why it’s done

Dental implants are surgically placed in your jawbone, where they serve as the roots of missing teeth. Because the titanium in the implants fuses with your jawbone, the implants won’t slip, make noise or cause bone damage the way fixed bridgework or dentures might. And the materials can’t decay like your own teeth that support regular bridgework can.

In general, dental implants may be right for you if you:

• Have one or more missing teeth
• Have a jawbone that’s reached full growth
• Have adequate bone to secure the implants or are able to have a bone graft
• Have healthy oral tissues
• Don’t have health conditions that will affect bone healing
• Are unable or unwilling to wear dentures
• Want to improve your speech
• Are willing to commit several months to the process
• Don’t smoke tobacco

Risks

Like any surgery, dental implant surgery poses some health risks. Problems are rare, though, and when they do occur they’re usually minor and easily treated. Risks include:

• Infection at the implant site
• Injury or damage to surrounding structures, such as other teeth or blood vessels
• Nerve damage, which can cause pain, numbness or tingling in your natural teeth, gums, lips or chin
• Sinus problems, when dental implants placed in the upper jaw protrude into one of your sinus cavities

How you prepare

The planning process for dental implants may involve a variety of specialists, including a doctor who specializes in conditions of the mouth, jaw and face (oral and maxillofacial surgeon), a dentist specializing in treating structures that support the teeth, such as gums and bones (periodontist), a dentist who designs and fits artificial teeth (prosthodontist), or occasionally an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist.

Because dental implants require one or more surgical procedures, you must have a thorough evaluation to prepare for the process, including a:

• Comprehensive dental exam. You may have dental X-rays and 3D images taken, and have models made of your teeth and jaw.
• Review of your medical history. Tell your doctor about any medical conditions and any medications you take, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements. If you have certain heart conditions or orthopedic implants, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics before surgery to help prevent infection.
• Treatment plan. Tailored to your situation, this plan takes into account factors such as how many teeth you need replaced and the condition of your jawbone and remaining teeth.

To control pain, anesthesia options during surgery include local anesthesia, sedation or general anesthesia. Talk to your dental specialist about which option is best for you. Your dental care team will instruct you about eating and drinking before surgery, depending on what type of anesthesia you have. If you’re having sedation or general anesthesia, plan to have someone take you home after surgery and expect to rest for the remainder of the day.

What you can expect

Dental implant surgery is usually an outpatient surgery performed in stages, with healing time between procedures. The process of placing a dental implant involves multiple steps, including:

• Damaged tooth removal
• Jawbone preparation (grafting), when needed
• Dental implant placement
• Bone growth and healing
• Abutment placement
• Artificial tooth placement

The entire process can take many months from start to finish. Much of that time is devoted to healing and waiting for the growth of new bone in your jaw. Depending on your situation, the specific procedure done or the materials used, certain steps can sometimes be combined.

When bone grafting is required

If your jawbone isn’t thick enough or is too soft, you may need bone grafting before you can have dental implant surgery. That’s because the powerful chewing action of your mouth exerts great pressure on your bone, and if it can’t support the implant, the surgery likely would fail. A bone graft can create a more solid base for the implant.

There are several bone graft materials that can be used to rebuild a jawbone. Options may include a natural bone graft, such as from another location in your body, or a synthetic bone graft, such as bone-substitute material that can provide support structures for new bone growth. Talk to your doctor about options that will work best for you.

It may take several months for the transplanted bone to grow enough new bone to support a dental implant. In some cases, you may need only minor bone grafting, which can be done at the same time as the implant surgery. The condition of your jawbone determines how you proceed.

Placing the dental implant

During surgery to place the dental implant, your oral surgeon makes a cut to open your gum and expose the bone. Holes are drilled into the bone where the dental implant metal post will be placed. Since the post will serve as the tooth root, it’s implanted deep into the bone.

At this point, you’ll still have a gap where your tooth is missing. A type of partial, temporary denture can be placed for appearance, if needed. You can remove this denture for cleaning and while you sleep.

Waiting for bone growth

Once the metal implant post is placed in your jawbone, osseointegration (oss-ee-oh-in-tuh-GRAY-shun) begins. During this process, the jawbone grows into and unites with the surface of the dental implant. This process, which can take several months, helps provide a solid base for your new artificial tooth — just as roots do for your natural teeth.

Placing the abutment

When osseointegration is complete, you may need additional surgery to place the abutment — the piece where the crown will eventually attach. This minor surgery is typically done with local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.

To place the abutment:

• Your oral surgeon reopens your gum to expose the dental implant
• The abutment is attached to the dental implant
• The gum tissue is then closed around, but not over, the abutment

In some cases, the abutment is attached to the dental implant metal post when the post is implanted. That means you won’t need an extra surgical step. Because the abutment juts past the gumline, however, it’s visible when you open your mouth — and it will be that way until your dentist completes the tooth prosthesis. Some people don’t like that appearance and prefer to have the abutment placed in a separate procedure.

After the abutment is placed, your gums must heal for about two weeks before the artificial tooth can be attached.

Choosing your new artificial teeth

Once your gums heal, you’ll have more impressions made of your mouth and remaining teeth. These impressions are used to make the crown — your realistic-looking artificial tooth. The crown can’t be placed until your jawbone is strong enough to support use of the new tooth.

You and your dental specialist can choose artificial teeth that are removable, fixed or a combination of both:

• Removable. This type is similar to a conventional removable denture and can be a partial or full denture. It contains artificial white teeth surrounded by pink plastic gum. It’s mounted on a metal frame that’s attached to the implant abutment, and it snaps securely into place. It can be easily removed for repair or daily cleaning.
• Fixed. In this type, an artificial tooth is permanently screwed or cemented onto an individual implant abutment. You can’t remove the tooth for cleaning or during sleep. Most of the time, each crown is attached to its own dental implant. However, because implants are exceptionally strong, several teeth can be replaced by one implant if they’re bridged together.

After the procedure

Whether you have dental implant surgery in one stage or multiple stages, you may experience some of the typical discomforts associated with any type of dental surgery, such as:

• Swelling of your gums and face
• Bruising of your skin and gums
• Pain at the implant site
• Minor bleeding

You may need pain medications or antibiotics after dental implant surgery. If swelling, discomfort or any other problem gets worse in the days after surgery, contact your oral surgeon.

After each stage of surgery, you may need to eat soft foods while the surgical site heals. Typically, your surgeon will use stitches that dissolve on their own. If your stitches aren’t self-dissolving, your doctor removes them.

Results

Most dental implants are successful. Sometimes, however, the bone fails to fuse sufficiently to the metal implant. Smoking, for example, may contribute to implant failure and complications.

If the bone fails to fuse sufficiently, the implant is removed, the bone is cleaned up, and you can try the procedure again in about three months.

You can help your dental work — and remaining natural teeth — last longer if you:

• Practice excellent oral hygiene. Just as with your natural teeth, keep implants, artificial teeth and gum tissue clean. Specially designed brushes, such as an interdental brush that slides between teeth, can help clean the nooks and crannies around teeth, gums and metal posts.
• See your dentist regularly. Schedule dental checkups to ensure the health and proper functioning of your implants and follow the advice for professional cleanings.
• Avoid damaging habits. Don’t chew hard items, such as ice and hard candy, which can break your crowns — or your natural teeth. Avoid tooth-staining tobacco and caffeine products. Get treatment if you grind your teeth.

Ready to rediscover your smile? Explore the benefits of dental implants with a personalized treatment plan to restore your confidence and oral function. Schedule your dentist appointment today at 801-756-1009. For more tips on general dentistry, follow us on Instagram.

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Reference: [https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dental-implant-surgery/about/pac-20384622]

Congratulations on your pregnancy! As you embark on this exciting journey, it’s important to remember that your oral health plays a vital role in your overall well-being and even your baby’s health. Let’s explore how you can prioritize your dental care, and embrace this exciting chapter with confidence and a radiant smile! We know full well that there can be a LOT of questions surrounding pretty much everything and your pregnancy  — so don’t forget that Dr. Youngquist will take his time and get all your questions answered with great care.

Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health

Ever flinch when you bite into an ice cream cone? Or wince when a gust of cold air hits your teeth? Teeth sensitivity can be a real zinger, causing sharp pain that shoots into the nerve endings. Don’t worry, though! There are ways to chill those sensitive nerves, from fluoride and special toothpaste to dental bonding that strengthens your smile. Questions? We are always here!

Teeth Sensitivity

Teeth sensitivity can occur when you consume hot, cold, sweet or sour foods and drinks, or even by breathing cold air. Pain can be sharp, sudden and shoot deep into tooth nerve endings. Treatments include fluoride, desensitizing toothpaste and dental bonding.

Don’t let teeth sensitivity steal your smile. We offer gentle care to ensure your sensitivity treatment fits seamlessly into your life. Schedule your dentist appointment today at 801-756-1009. For more tips on general dentistry, follow us on Instagram.

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Reference: [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/10954-teeth-sensitivity]

Occasional, moderate drinking can be part of a healthy lifestyle. Heavy alcohol consumption, however, is associated with several short- and long-term problems. Alcohol can affect the health of your liver, your brain, your blood sugar—and your mouth.

How Alcohol Affects Your Dental Health

Indulging your sweet tooth doesn’t have to be a threat to your dental health. Discover how you can enjoy the sweetness of life and the holidays while safeguarding your precious smile. Together, we can ensure the well-being of your precious smile.

Cheers to a December filled with laughter, joy, and a healthier, happier you! Commit to your dental well-being. Schedule your dentist appointment today at 801-756-1009. For more tips from Palisades family dental, follow us at Instagram.

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Reference : [https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/a-sugar-lovers-tips-for-preventing-tooth-decay]

Do you ever experience an unexplained salty taste in your mouth that lingers throughout the day? The sensation of a salty taste in your mouth can be perplexing and, in some cases, quite bothersome. While it’s not an uncommon issue, it may leave you wondering about the underlying causes and potential remedies. Let’s explore effective ways to relieve it, helping you regain the fresh, balanced taste you’re accustomed to.

Have other questions about your oral health? Our team is here to take care of ‘all the things’ for your whole family. Dr. Youngquist and his team care about you having the very best dental experience: seamless and comfortable — with any of your concerns carefully addressed.

You may have a salty taste in your mouth for a variety of reasons. Some are benign and nothing to worry about, but others are more serious.

You may notice this taste even when you haven’t eaten or when you first wake up. Other symptoms, such as the sensation of a dry mouth, may accompany it.

6 Potential Causes of a Salty Taste in Your Mouth

Aside from eating something salty, here are possible reasons you may have a salty taste in your mouth:

1. Dry Mouth

Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is a relatively common condition. In addition to a salty taste, your mouth may be dry. Your saliva may also be thick, stringy, and sticky. You may also notice:

• Bad breath
• Hoarse voice
• Sore throat

In most cases, the solution for a dry mouth is as simple as staying hydrated. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can make your mouth dry. You may be dehydrated when you first wake up in the morning.

However, xerostomia can also be caused by smoking, certain medications, and some less common health conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome. Talk to your doctor or dentist if you frequently experience dry mouth symptoms.

2. Dehydration

Moderate to severe dehydration can cause more than an altered feeling and taste in your mouth. If you’ve lost a lot of water through sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, you may also experience:

• General uneasiness (malaise)
• Difficulty thinking or focusing
• Severe thirst
• Weakness
• Dizziness

Dehydration can lead to hypernatremia (high blood sodium). This may cause a strong salty taste in addition to the above symptoms.

You can prevent dehydration by consuming an adequate intake of water and electrolytes. But if you’ve lost a significant amount of water and can’t think or move normally, see a doctor immediately.

3. Post-Nasal Drip

If you have a cold or seasonal allergies, you may have post-nasal drip. This occurs when mucus buildup from your sinuses goes down both your throat and nose.

This mucus can then get into your mouth, which can taste salty. This isn’t anything to worry about on its own. Just continue to rest and drink fluids if you have a cold.

Certain foods, irritating chemicals or nasal sprays, and cold temperatures can also cause post-nasal drip. However, see a doctor if you have symptoms of a severe infection or allergic reaction, such as:

• Difficulty breathing
• Green or yellow mucus when you cough or blow your nose
• Blood in your mucus
• Severe coughing
• Sinus-related or cold-like symptoms that last more than 10 days

4. Blood in Your Mouth

Having blood in your mouth can produce a salty or metallic taste. This could happen due to an oral injury or a nosebleed.

You can usually stop a nosebleed or minor oral bleeding quickly. Applying pressure with your hands or a compress may be enough. However, see a doctor if you:

• Have a nosebleed lasting 20 minutes or longer
• Have frequent nosebleeds without an apparent cause
• Become lightheaded, dizzy, or unable to concentrate
• Are coughing up blood

5. Oral Infection

Oral bleeding or a general foul taste may be caused by an oral infection, such as:

• Gum disease (bacteria inflaming the gums)
• Oral thrush, an oral yeast infection
• Oral human papillomavirus (HPV)

See your dentist or doctor if you have persistent burning pain in your mouth, hoarseness, or a change in the appearance of your tongue or gums.

6. Nutrient Deficiency

Having a lower-than-healthy amount of certain nutrients may cause a salty or metallic taste in your mouth. Some common nutrient deficiencies that can affect your taste buds include:

• Vitamin B12, found in meat, eggs, and dairy
• Vitamin B9 (folate), found in legumes, dark leafy greens, and eggs
• Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, and potatoes
• Zinc, found in meat, shellfish, legumes, nuts, and seeds

It can take years for a nutrient deficiency to develop and cause symptoms. In addition to a salty, sour, or metallic taste, you may also notice:

• Fatigue
• Confusion
• Irritability
• Irregular heartbeat
• Numbness in your extremities (hands, feet, lips, tongue)

Treatment for a deficiency may involve getting a shot or oral supplement of the nutrient in question. To avoid nutrient deficiencies, try to maintain a balanced diet. Dietary supplements are also available over the counter (OTC).

Other Causes

Less common causes of a salty or otherwise altered taste include:

• Sjögren’s syndrome, an immune disorder that affects your tear ducts and salivary glands
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause
• Certain medications, especially those that cause dry mouth
• Chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• A leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to an injury, surgery, or another cause

When to See a Doctor 

A salty taste in your mouth usually isn’t a sign of anything serious. But you should let your doctor know if you have:

• Long-term changes in your sense of taste or how your mouth feels
• Noticeable changes in the appearance of your mouth, gums, lips, or tongue
• Blood in your mucus
• A sore throat or sinus symptoms that last more than 10 days

In rare cases, there may be a medical emergency causing your altered taste. If you have difficulty breathing or standing up, or if you’re in severe pain, see a doctor immediately.

How to Treat This Condition

A salty taste in your mouth may not need treatment beyond drinking water. A dry mouth due to mild dehydration may be the cause. In cases of severe dehydration, IV hydration may be required.

However, more specific or severe causes will require different treatments. These may include antibiotics, antihistamines, or vitamin injections.

Can You Prevent a Salty Taste in the Mouth?

The easiest way to avoid an unexpected salty taste is to stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet. Also, avoid excessive nose-picking to avoid causing a nosebleed.

Experience the relief of a fresh, balanced taste. Explore our tips and tricks for achieving and maintaining a healthy mouth and teeth. Schedule your appointment today at 801-756-1009. For more teeth whitening in American Fork, follow us at @palisadesdental.

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Reference: [https://www.newmouth.com/oral-health/salty-taste/]